How many years did the Israelites wander in the desert?

The Israelites wandered in the desert for a period of 40 years, as recorded in the biblical narrative found primarily in the book of Exodus. This time in the wilderness was significant as it represented a period of testing, preparation, and transition for the Israelites after their exodus from Egypt. The 40 years served to allow a new generation to grow, as the initial adult generation that left Egypt was not permitted to enter the Promised Land due to their lack of faith and disobedience. Thus, the answer reflects a critical historical and theological aspect of the journey of the Israelites.